A cipher is a model of mathematical transformation used to ensure the secrecy of transmitted information. An important element of a cipher is a key or several keys required to encode and decode the transmitted message. There are two types of ciphers:
- Symmetric: using the same key for encryption and decryption.
- Asymmetric: using different keys for encryption and decryption.
The encryption process using symmetric keys is faster and simpler, but in terms of security it is inferior to asymmetric encryption, because the discovery of the key by a third party reveals the entire process of mathematical transformation.
Encryption is a process that is often used in cybersecurity. Encryption is used to encrypt transmitted data that has a confidential status. This includes financial transactions, trade and state secrets, medical reports and records, and almost any personal data. Encryption is also used to secure e-mail, online payments, and to protect oral and written communications in the Internet.