LAN (Local Area Network) is a local area network that is a system of interconnected computers and other devices located within a limited area, usually within a single building or a group of closely located buildings.
LAN integrates computers, printers, servers, and other devices into a single communication system, providing high-speed data exchange without using public communication channels.
Components of the local network
- Active network equipment: switches, routers, access points.
- Passive network equipment: cable systems, patch panels, sockets.
- Key devices: computers, servers, printers, IP phones.
- Software: network operating systems, protocols, monitoring systems.
Main features
- Limited geography: data transmission over a distance of no more than a few kilometers.
- High data transfer rate: from 100 Mbit/s to 100 Gbit/s.
- Low latency: usually less than 1 millisecond.
- Unified administration and shared network resources.
Technologies and standards
- Ethernet is the most common technology (from 10 Mbit/s to 400 Gbit/s).
- Wi-Fi: wireless local area networks (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax).
- Other technologies: Token Ring, FDDI, ATM (less common).
Local area networks remain a fundamental element of IT infrastructure, ensuring reliable and high-speed data transmission within any organization.