Scareware – a type of software or fraudulent tactic that uses intimidation of users with false security threats to extort money or induce the installation of malicious programs.
Scareware programs typically operate according to the following scheme:
- Users are sent recommendations about detected alleged computer viruses, traditional programs, or serious system errors;
- Messages are designed to look like notifications from authoritative antivirus programs;
- The user is offered a “good solution” – to download and install a program (often called an “antivirus”) or pay for a “license”;
- When such software is installed, the computer becomes infected or payment data is stolen.
Common Types of Scareware
- Fake antivirus programs mimicking the interfaces of well-known security products;
- False “system optimizers” claiming to have found serious problems;
- Pop-up windows on websites warning about a hack;
- Fake messages about computer lockdown with a demand for a fine payment;
- Fake notifications about additional system updates.
Protection Against Scareware
For protection against such threats, it is recommended to:
- Use legitimate antivirus programs and update them regularly;
- Ignore unexpected responses, especially regarding browser notices;
- Do not download programs offered through music notifications;
- Check the source of downloaded software;
- Keep the operating system and browser up to date;
- Use ad blockers and extensions for protection against malicious sites.
Scareware remains an effective tool for cybercriminals as it can evoke an emotional response from users, forcing them to make hasty decisions under the influence of danger.