Security Operations Center (SOC) is a centralized unit or service responsible for continuous monitoring, analysis and incident response for information security in an organization. SOC controls processes and technologies to ensure round-the-clock protection of corporate IT infrastructure from cyber threats.
Structure and Functions
The security operations center is a specialized unit where a team of security analysts works 24/7, using modern systems and analysis. The main functions of SOC are detection of suspicious activity, analysis of security incidents, coordination of response measures and restoration of normal system operation after attacks.
SOC analysts work at different qualification levels. First-level specialists handle primary alert processing and incident classification tidying. Second-level analysts conduct in-depth investigation of complex threats and develop countermeasures strategies. Third-level experts focus on advanced threat analysis, cybercriminal hunting and development of new protection methods.
Technology Platform
SOC relies on comprehensive technological infrastructure including Security Information and Event Management systems (SIEM), Security Orchestration and Response platforms (SOAR), User and Entity Behavioral Analytics tools (UEBA), as well as threat analysis systems for current threat information.
SOC operation is built on clear execution of incident handling procedures, including detection, analysis, provision, elimination and recovery. The team uses developed scenarios that help respond to various types of threats, ensuring a standardized and effective approach to security problem solving.
SOC Organization Options
Organizations can create their own internal SOCs, turn to managed security service provider (MSSP) services or use a hybrid model combining internal resources with external expertise. Model choice depends on company size, budget, compliance requirements and specialist qualifications.
SOC operation success is measured using key indicators: threat detection time, incident response speed, number of false positives and overall cyber risk reduction for the organization.